Análise da organização do trabalho nos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica no Rio de Janeiro / Analysis of work organization in the Extended Family and Primary Health Care Centers in Rio de Janeiro

Resumo A implantação dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF) fomentou estratégias de cuidados mais dialógicas e o acompanhamento de grupos populacionais que, historicamente, tinham pouco acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). No município do Rio de Janeiro, oscilações na gestão federal e municipal implicaram redução ou eliminação dessas equipes. Para apreender os impactos desse cenário no cotidiano das equipes do NASF, esta pesquisa analisou documentos normativos e a percepção dos profissionais a respeito da organização do trabalho. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou coleta de dados, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito profissionais do NASF de uma região do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados expõem os impactos das mudanças nas diretrizes de organização e financiamento do NASF e abordam a percepção dos trabalhadores sobre o processo de trabalho. Assim, evidenciou-se que o NASF apresenta grande potencial de qualificação das ações e intervenções no contexto da APS, porém, a crescente precarização do trabalho sobrecarrega os trabalhadores e dificulta o alcance de seus objetivos originais.

Abstract The implementation of Extended Family and Primary Health Care Centers (EFPHCC) has fostered more dialogic care strategies and the monitoring of population groups that, historically, had little access to Primary Health Care (PHC). However, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, oscillations in federal and municipal management implied the reduction or elimination of these teams. To understand the impacts of this scenario on the daily routine of EFPHCC teams, this research analyzed regulatory documents and the professionals' perception of the work organization. Accordingly, a qualitative study was conducted using data collection, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews with eight EFPHCC professionals from a region of Rio de Janeiro between August 2019 and February 2020. Data treatment was based on content analysis. The results expose the impacts of the changes in the organization and financing guidelines of EFPHCC and address the workers' perception of the work process. Thus, it was evident that EFPHCC has the potential to qualify actions and interventions in the context of PHC; however, the growing job insecurity overloads the workers and hinders the achievement of its original goals.

Immunization status of residents in pediatrics at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil / Imunização de residentes em Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil

Vaccination of health care workers is an efficient way to reduce the risk of occupational infection and to prevent nosocomial transmission to vulnerable patients. Despite this, achieving high immunization rates among those professionals is a challenge. We assessed the immunization status of Residents in Pediatrics at the Federal University of São Paulo from June to December 2008. Their immunization records were checked and evaluated according to the Brazilian Immunization Schedule for health care workers. Considering all required vaccines, only 3.1 percent of the 64 Residents were up-to-date with their immunizations. Influenza was the vaccine with the lowest uptake (3.1 percent) and measles and rubella were diseases with the highest evidence of immunity (62.5 percent each). Only 37.5 percent of Residents had received three hepatitis B vaccine doses with a subsequent serology confirming seroconversion. Moreover, the vast majority of Residents in Pediatrics who were not up-to-date were unaware of the fact. Both medical schools and Pediatric Residence programs should not only offer information but also check vaccination records in an effort to keep their healthcare workers´ vaccinations up-to-date.

A vacinação de profissionais da saúde representa maneira eficiente de reduzir o risco ocupacional a infecções e de prevenir a transmissão nosocomial de doenças a pacientes vulneráveis. Apesar disso, atingir altas taxas de cobertura vacinal entre estes profissionais continua sendo um desafio. Avaliamos a situação vacinal dos residentes de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo entre junho e dezembro de 2008. Suas carteiras de vacinação foram checadas e avaliadas de acordo com a orientação do calendário nacional para profissionais da saúde. Considerando as vacinas propostas, apenas 3,1 por cento dos 64 residentes estavam em dia com sua imunização. A vacina para Influenza foi a mais negligenciada (3,1 por cento) e sarampo e rubéola, as doenças com maior evidência de imunidade (62,5 por cento). Apenas 37,5 por cento dos residentes haviam recebido três doses da vacina para hepatite B e possuíam sorologia confirmando soroconversão. Além disso, a grande maioria dos residentes que estavam com atraso vacinal desconhecia este fato. Tanto as escolas médicas quanto os programas de residência em Pediatria deveriam não apenas orientar, como também checar os registros de vacinação num esforço para manter em dia a imunização dos profissionais de saúde.

Tuberculosis en el personal de salud del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur de Santiago, Chile / Tuberculosis in health care workers from a public health service in Santiago, Chile

Objective: To evalúate the risk of tuberculosis (TBC) among health care workers (HCW) of the Southern Metropolitan Health Service (SMHS) of Santiago, Chile. Method: A retrospective study using records of patients receiving TBC treatment in the SMHS from 2001 to 2006 was performed, in which HCW were identified. Total population of HCWs at risk was calculated using annual records of personnel hired at the SMHS. Data on TBC cases and rates were compared against data of the SMSH and hazard ratio (HR) and confidence intervals obtained. Results: Fourteen cases were identified, predominantly among auxiliary personnel (n: 4, 35.7 percent), nursing staff and ambulance drivers (n: 2, 14.3 percent) each). Cases occurred in personnel from 41.7 percent of hospitals and 10.3 percent of ambulatory care centers within the SMHS and 92.2 percent involved personnel with direct patient care or contact. Pulmonary localization was seen in 11 (78.6 percent), and more than half (57.2 percent) had a positive sputum stain or culture. All cases initiated treatment, but 1 abandoned it and other died of liver failure associated to cirrhosis (7.1 percent each). Between 2003 and 2006, the annual rate of TBC among HCW ranged between 0 and 79 per 100.000, and during 2004 it -10.62). Conclusions: Despite TBC rate decline in Chile, this disease still represents a significant occupational risk for HCW. Notably, more than half of cases among HCWs are contagious, and despite treatment, some have a lethal evolution.

Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo de tuberculosis (TBC) clínica a través de un estudio retrospectivo sobre la razón de prevalencia de TBC entre el personal de salud (PS) del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur de la Región Metropolitana (SSMS) y la población de la misma zona. Método: Los casos entre el PS y el resto del SSMS, junto a la población total y la dotación del PS, se obtuvieron de los registros existentes en el propio SSMS (2001-2006). Resultados: Se identificaron 14 casos, afectando predominantemente a técnicos paramédicos (35,7 por ciento), enfermeros y conductores de ambulancia (14,3 por ciento) cada uno). El 92,9 por ciento de los afectados laboraba en el área clínica. Los casos se presentaron entre el PS de hospitales y consultorios. Los afectados involucraban al 41,7 por ciento del total de hospitales y a 10,3 por ciento de los centros de atención primaria. La localización fue predominantemente pulmonar (78,6 por ciento) y más de la mitad tenía frotis o cultivo de expectoración positivo (57,2 por ciento). Todos los casos iniciaron tratamiento, 12 lo completaron con éxito (85,7 por ciento), uno lo abandonó y el restante falleció por falla hepática asociada a cirrosis (7,1 por ciento cada uno). La tasa entre el PS varió entre 0 y 79 casos por 100.000 y el año 2004 fue significativamente superior al valor registrado en el SSMS (razón de nesgo 4,56; IC95: 1,83 -10,62). Conclusiones: A pesar de la declinación de la TBC en Chile, aún representa un riesgo ocupacional para el PS. Notablemente, más de la mitad de los casos son bacilíferos y algunos casos tienen una evolución letal.

Occurrence of early adverse events after vaccination against influenza at a brazilian reference center

INTRODUCTION: Since 1999, the Ministry of Health in Brazil has conducted campaigns of vaccination against influenza targeted towards the elderly, chronically-diseased people and health care workers. The vaccine against influenza is associated with adverse events of minor importance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early adverse events related to the vaccine against influenza. CASUISTICS AND METHODS: One hundred and ninety seven elderly individuals and health care workers vaccinated against influenza were included. An inquiry regarding adverse events related to the vaccine was applied seven days after the vaccination. RESULTS: Local adverse events were reported by 32.5 percent and systemic effects by 26.4 percent of the vaccinated subjects. Pain in the region of the injection, headache, myalgia, malaise, and coryza were more frequent in the workers than in the elderly (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of fever. CONCLUSIONS: The belief of part of the population that credits frequent and uncomfortable adverse events to the vaccine was not confirmed. The subjective adverse events were more frequent in the health care workers, which can influence, in a negative way, the disclosure of the benefits of this vaccine due to their role as opinion makers.